Detailed Table of Contents - Computer Networks & Architectures

🏢 Chapter I: LAN Architectures and Fundamentals

1. Topologies & Connection Principles
- Network types: LAN, MAN, WAN and PAN
- Standards organizations (ISO, IEEE 802, ITU-T, ANSI)
- Physical vs logical topologies (Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh, Meshed)
- Hierarchical enterprise architecture (Access, Distribution, Core)
2. Data Link Layer & Access Methods
- LLC (IEEE 802.2) and MAC (IEEE 802.3) sublayers
- Ethernet contention: CSMA/CD, collision domain and Full-Duplex
- High-speed Wi-Fi (802.11ax/be): CSMA/CA, OFDMA, MU-MIMO and MLO
3. Segmentation Using Virtual LANs (VLANs)
- VLAN types (port-based, MAC address-based, IP subnet-based)
- IEEE 802.1Q frame tagging (TPID, PCP, DEI, VID fields)
- Trunk links, native VLAN management and inter-VLAN routing (SVI)
- Datacenter extension: VXLAN encapsulation and VNI identifiers (24 bits)
4. Redundancy & Layer 2 Control
- Loop elimination: STP (802.1D), RSTP (802.1w) and MSTP (802.1s)
- Link aggregation: LACP protocol (IEEE 802.3ad / 802.1AX)
- Layer 2 Quality of Service: IEEE 802.1p standard (8 PCP priority classes)

1. The 7-Layer OSI Model
- Interconnection data units (PDU, SDU) and encapsulation
- Detailed analysis of the physical layers (L1 to L4) and application layers (L5 to L7)
2. TCP/IP Suite & IP Addressing
- IPv4 header structure, address classes and private ranges (RFC 1918)
- Subnetting, supernetting masks and CIDR notation
- IPv6: Header structure (128 bits), address types and transition (Dual-Stack, Tunneling, NAT64)
3. Transport Layer & Control
- TCP: Reliability, Three-Way Handshake, sliding window and congestion control
- UDP: Connectionless mode, lightweight operation and real-time communication
- Modern QUIC protocol (UDP with integrated TLS 1.3)
4. Control & Address Resolution
- ARP protocol: IP/MAC mapping, ARP table and Gratuitous ARP requests
- ICMP diagnostics: Error messages, Ping and Traceroute mechanisms

1. Switching & Routing
- L2/L3 switches: CAM table, self-learning and switching modes
- L3 routers: Routing table, metrics and default gateway
- Dynamic routing protocols: IGP (RIP, OSPF) and EGP (BGP)
- Datacenter: Leaf-Spine topologies and SDN architectures (OpenFlow)
2. Physical Media & Cabling
- Copper: Twisted pair (UTP/STP/FTP), Cat 5e to Cat 8 categories and PoE/PoE++ standard
- Optical fiber: Single-mode (SMF 9 µm) vs Multimode (MMF 50/62.5 µm), VCSEL/Laser transmitters and connectors (LC, SC, ST)
3. Multiplexing & Encoding
- TDM (synchronous/statistical), FDM and OFDM techniques
- Optical multiplexing: WDM, CWDM and DWDM with EDFA amplifiers
- Binary representation, hexadecimal conversions and real throughput calculation

1. Telecommunications & WAN Infrastructure
- The end of xDSL copper and FTTH optical connections (GPON & XGS-PON)
- Cellular networks: Evolution from 2G/3G/4G to 5G Standalone (5G SA) and Network Slicing
- Low-latency LEO satellite constellations (Starlink)
2. Web & File Application Services
- DNS system: Hierarchy, records and secure resolution DoH / DoT
- Web protocols: HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3 and secure transfers SFTP / SSH
3. Email & Internet of Things
- Email: SMTP, IMAP, POP3 and anti-spoofing security (SPF, DKIM, DMARC)
- Internet of Things (IoT): Architectures, contactless RFID/NFC chips and smart-home standards (Matter, Thread)

1. SNMP Administration & Monitoring
- SNMP architecture: Manager, Agents, Get/Set/Trap requests
- Evolution: SNMPv1/v2c (plaintext) vs SNMPv3 (USM encryption & VACM)
- Structure of the MIB-II database and OID identifiers
2. Perimeter Security & VPNs
- Next-generation firewalls (NGFW): Packet filtering, stateful inspection and DMZ
- Encrypted tunnels: Virtual Private Networks (IPsec IKEv2 & SSL/TLS VPNs)
3. Modern Cybersecurity Architectures
- Zero Trust model (ZTNA - Zero Trust Network Access)
- Cloud convergence: SASE architecture (Secure Access Service Edge)

1. Artificial Intelligence & Networks
- AIOps: Predictive monitoring, alert correlation and root cause analysis (RCA)
- Intent-Based Networking (IBN): Declarative configuration and LLM-driven platforms
2. Threats & Quantum Cryptography
- Shor's algorithm and the vulnerability of current asymmetric encryption (RSA/ECC)
- Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography (lattice-based PQC)
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and the early stages of the quantum internet
3. Future Networks & Environmental Responsibility
- Edge Computing: Processing hierarchy (Device Edge, ETSI MEC, CDN)
- 6G prospects (Terahertz bands) and digital sobriety initiatives (Green Networking)

1. Alphabetical Technical Dictionary
- Standardized definitions of abbreviations, acronyms and reference terms
2. Essential TCP / UDP Port Table
- Directory of standard services (Ports 20/21, 22, 25, 53, 80, 110, 143, 443, 161/162, 5060)
3. Summary of Diagnostic CLI Commands
- Quick guide to using console tools (`ipconfig`, `ping`, `traceroute`, `arp`, `netstat`, `nslookup`, `dig`)